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Chapter 11

Please note that the labels on each recording (for example, "Chicago English" or "Black English") were provided by the person who made the recording available for you to listen to. Other linguists or individuals may not agree on the description as it stands. The best example of this: you'll note that some recordings are marked "general" American, which is problematic for the same reasons the term "standard" English is problematic.

Audio Examples

Audio

Accent

Chapter

Page #

Online Example Title

URL

Southern varieties of American English

11

326

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Alabama
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Arkansas
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Florida
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Georgia
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Kentucky
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Louisiana
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Mississippi
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Oklahoma
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of North Carolina
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of South Carolina
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Tennessee
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Texas
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Virginia
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of West Virginia

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/alabama
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/arkansas
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/florida
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/georgia
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/kentucky
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/louisiana
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/mississippi
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/oklahoma
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/north-carolina
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/south-carolina
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/tennessee
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/texas
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/virginia
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/west-virginia

Charleston accent

11

327

The Speech Accent Archive: English 86
The Speech Accent Archive: English 137
The Speech Accent Archive: English 340

http://accent.gmu.edu/searchsaa.php?function=detail&speakerid=150
http://accent.gmu.edu/searchsaa.php?function=detail&speakerid=509
http://accent.gmu.edu/searchsaa.php?function=detail&speakerid=1222

Appalachian accent

11

330

International Dialects of English Archive: Alabama Three (white female, born 1950, farm in NE Alabama)
International Dialects of English Archive: West Virginia One (male, 70s, Crab Apple, WV)
The Speech Accent Archive: English 381

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/alabama-3
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/west-virginia-1
http://accent.gmu.edu/searchsaa.php?function=detail&speakerid=1324

Charleston accent

11

330

The Speech Accent Archive: English 86
The Speech Accent Archive: English 137
The Speech Accent Archive: English 340

http://accent.gmu.edu/searchsaa.php?function=detail&speakerid=150
http://accent.gmu.edu/searchsaa.php?function=detail&speakerid=509
http://accent.gmu.edu/searchsaa.php?function=detail&speakerid=1222

Texas accent

11

330

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Texas

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/texas

Virginia accent

11

330

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Virginia

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/virginia

Piedmont, NC accent

11

331

The Speech Accent Archive: English 20
The Speech Accent Archive: English 44
International Dialects of English Archive: North Carolina Three (African-American male, 40s, Winston-Salem, NC)
International Dialects of English Archive: North Carolina Nineteen (African-American female, 20s, Greensboro, NC, actress and student)

http://accent.gmu.edu/searchsaa.php?function=detail&speakerid=78
http://accent.gmu.edu/searchsaa.php?function=detail&speakerid=104
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/north-carolina-3
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/north-carolina-15

Gullah

11

333

NPR story 'New Testament' Translated into Gullah

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5283230

Mississippi

11

336

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Mississippi

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/mississippi

South Carolina

11

336

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of South Carolina

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/south-carolina

Standard American English

11

336

International Dialects of English Archive: General American

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/general-american

North Carolina

11

336

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of North Carolina

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/north-carolina

North Carolina

11

338

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of North Carolina

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/north-carolina

Texas accent

11

339

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Texas

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/texas

Midwestern English

11

339

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Illinois
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Indiana
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Iowa
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Kansas
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Michigan
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Minnesota
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Missouri
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Nebraska
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of North Dakota
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Ohio
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of South Dakota
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Wisconsin

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/illinois
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/indiana
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/iowa
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/kansas
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/michigan
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/minesota
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/missouri
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/nebraska
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/north-dakota
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/ohio
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/south-dakota
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/wisconsin

Asian accent

11

345

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects and Accents of Asia

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/asia

Indian accent

11

345

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects and Accents of India

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/india

Middle Eastern accent

11

345

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of the Middle East

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/middle-east

Spanish accent

11

345

The Speech Accent Archive: Spanish 1-88

http://accent.gmu.edu/browse_language.php?function=find&language=spanish

French accent

11

345

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects and Accents of France

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/france

German accent

11

345

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects and Accents of Germany

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/germany

British accent

11

345

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects and Accents of England

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/england

Swedish accent

11

345

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects and Accents of Sweden

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/sweden

New York

11

346

International Dialects of English Archive: New York Three (Puerto Rican male age 49, The Bronx)
International Dialects of English Archive: New York Four (white male, Brooklyn/Bronx age 20)
International Dialects of English Archive: New York Five (white male, Jewish, Queens, born 1947)
International Dialects of English Archive: New York Six (white female, Jewish, Queens, born 1947)
International Dialects of English Archive: New York Seven (white male, Jewish, Bronx, born 1940)
International Dialects of English Archive: New York Eight (white female, Jewish, Bronx, born 1943)
International Dialects of English Archive: New York Eleven (Italian-American male, Brooklyn/Queens, born 1954)
International Dialects of English Archive: New York Thirteen (white male, Jewish, Manhattan, born 1975)
International Dialects of English Archive: New York Sixteen (African-American female, Brooklyn, born 1967)

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/new-york-3
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/new-york-4
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/new-york-5
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/new-york-6
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/new-york-7
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/new-york-8 
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/new-york-11
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/new-york-13
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/new-york-16

Puerto Rican

11

346

The Speech Accent Archive: Spanish 15
The Speech Accent Archive: Spanish 81

http://accent.gmu.edu/browse_language.php?function=detail&speakerid=329
http://accent.gmu.edu/searchsaa.php?function=detail&speakerid=1347

Midwest

11

346

International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Illinois
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Indiana
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Iowa
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Kansas
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Michigan
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Minnesota
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Missouri
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Nebraska
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of North Dakota
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Ohio
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of South Dakota
International Dialects of English Archive: Dialects of Wisconsin

http://www.dialectsarchive.com/illinois
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/indiana
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/iowa
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/kansas
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/michigan
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/minesota
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/missouri
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/nebraska
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/north-dakota
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/ohio
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/south-dakota
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/wisconsin

 

Discussion question

1. Listen to the clips of Southern English*. Can you tell in which region of the South these dialects are spoken? Can you hear the variation? Are some dialects more devalued than others? Which ones do you think would be most accepted by outsiders? Why do you think that is?



Videos

John Reep – “Southerners”
Comedy Central Stand-Up
http://comedians.jokes.com/jon-reep/videos/jon-reep---southerners

Gary Valentine – “Southern Accents”
Comedy Central Stand-Up
http://comedians.jokes.com/gary-valentine/videos/gary-valentine---southern-accents

These videos contain material for the discussion of perceptions of Southern accents, stereotypes of people who speak with a Southern accent, and strategies of condescension used to mock Southern English.

Discussion question

1. Analyze these two clips in light of what you have learned in Chapter 11. How is Southern English represented in these clips? What stereotypes of people who speak Southern English are apparent? Why does Gary Valentine imitate Southern English in his routine, and what does his use of Southern English reveal about his language ideology?


Further Resources

Bailey, G. and Tillery, J. (2006a) Sounds of the South. In W. Wolfram and B. Ward (Eds.) American Voices: How Dialects Differ from Coast to Coast. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Bailey, G. and Tillery, J. (2006b) The Lone Star State of Speech. In W. Wolfram and B. Ward (Eds.) American Voices: How Dialects Differ from Coast to Coast. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Cooke-Jackson, A. (2008) Appalachian Culture and Reality TV: The Ethical Dilemma of Stereotyping Others. Journal of Mass Media Ethics 23(3): 183–200.

Hazen, K. and Fluharty, E. (2006) Defining Appalachian English. In W. Wolfram and B. Ward (Eds.) American Voices: How Dialects Differ from Coast to Coast. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Hyman, E. (2006) The All of You-All. American Speech, 81.
Tillery, J., Wikle, T., and Bailey, G. (2000) The Nationalization of a Southernism. Journal of English Linguistics 28(3): 280–294.


Links

Appalachian English
http://www.cas.sc.edu/engl/dictionary/index.html

Alphadictionary.com
Are you a Rebel or a Yankee?
http://www.alphadictionary.com/articles/yankeetest.html
What Are People Saying about the Rebel-Yankee Test?
http://www.alphadictionary.com/articles/rebel-yankee_comments.html
A Glossary of Quaint Southernisms
http://www.alphadictionary.com/articles/southernese.html

Sounds of the South
Do You Speak American?
http://www.pbs.org/speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/southern/sounds/


RSS & Blogs

Dialect Blog
Search for “Southern accent”
http://dialectblog.com/