/*////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* MAIN CONTENT //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
html, body{/*background:#111;*/font-size: 16px;font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;overflow-x: hidden;}
.main {padding-left: 1%;padding-right: 1%;background: #fff;left: 0;overflow: hidden;position: relative;padding-bottom: 50px;min-height: 600px;}
.main, .responsive_fullscreen_header{webkit-transition: left 500ms ease;-webkit-transition: left 500ms ease;transition: left 500ms ease;}
.no_button_styling {background: none;border: none !important;}
/*////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* Text Elements /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
a {color: #688FCA;text-decoration: none;}
a:hover, a:focus {color: #9FCCF2;text-decoration: none;}

/* Default colour styles */ 
.danger{color:#CA1E47;}
.alert{color:#F29500;}
.passive{color:#85CC8E;}
.tandf{color:#688FCA;}
.dusk{color:#C17270;}
.cyan{color:#448391;}
.purple{color:#7368A0;}
.slate{color:#333333;}
.med_slate{color:#5F5F5F;}
.mute_slate{color:#CFCFCF;}

/*Header Text / Title and SubTitle*/
.header-title, .header-subtitle{display: block;text-align: center;position: absolute;color: #fff;width: 100%;}
.header-title {line-height: 100vh; /* This value will get switched out by JS */font-size: 8vmin;}
.reduced_header .header-title {line-height: 28vh;}
.reduced_header .header-subtitle {line-height: 37vh;}
.header-subtitle {line-height: 110vh;margin-top:2vmin;font-size: 4vmin;}

/*Block Quotes for Routledge generated book quotes*/
.product_reviews-bq .fa {padding: 5px;font-size: 0.7em;position: absolute;}
.product_reviews-bq .fa-quote-left {margin-left: -22px;}
.product_reviews-bq p {margin-left: 22px;}
.citation{font-size: 0.7em;color: #688FCA;display: block;padding-top: 10px;}
blockquote {border-left: 5px solid #E0E6F0;}
.html5warning{background:#CA1E47;color:#fff;text-align: center;margin:0;padding:0;position: absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:400;width:100%;}
.html5logo{font-size:3em;}

/*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* RESPONSIVE HEADER ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
.responsive_fullscreen_header{background: url("../img/bg.jpg") repeat scroll center center / cover  #333333;left:0;position:relative;}/*The background image for the header...*/
.reduced_header{height:300px;}/*Header image size when you DON'T want fullscreen*/
.header-scroll_icon {font-size: 46px;position: absolute;border-radius: 100px;background: #fff;text-align: center;left: 50%;height: 50px;line-height: 48px;width: 50px;margin-left: -25px;bottom: 0;z-index:400;-webkit-transition: left 500ms ease;transition: left 500ms ease;}
nav::before {content: "";background: #111;display: block;width: 100%;height: 44px;z-index: 1;position: fixed;left: 0;top: 0;-webkit-transition: left 500ms ease;transition: left 500ms ease;}
/*/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* FOOTER //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
footer{background:#333;color: #fff;-webkit-transition: left 500ms ease;transition: left 500ms ease;position:relative;left:0;}
.cw-navigation-main {margin-top: 25px;}
.FOOTER_information {display: none;}
.FOOTER_cookies{background:#111;color:#fff;text-align: center;height:44px;line-height:44px;font-size: 0.5em;}
.FOOTER_copyright{background:#222;color:#fff;text-align: center;height:44px;line-height:44px;font-size: 0.6em;}
.FOOTER_social {background: #688FCA;color: #fff;position: relative;z-index: 10;height: 150px;line-height: 150px;}
.FOOTER_social>.social>li>a {color:#fff;text-decoration: none;}
.social{margin:0;padding:0;display: -webkit-box;display: flex;display: -webkit-flex;display: -ms-flexbox;-webkit-box-pack: start;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-orient: horizontal;-webkit-box-direction: normal;-ms-flex-direction: row;flex-direction: row;-webkit-flex-direction: row;-ms-flex: row;flex-wrap: wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap: wrap;-ms-flex-wrap: wrap;-ms-flex-line-pack: center;align-content: center;-webkit-align-content: center;-ms-flex-align: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-justify-content: center;-ms-justify: center;-webkit-box-align: center;-ms-flex-align: center;align-items: center;-webkit-align-items: center;}
.social>li>a>i {font-size: 2em;top: 6px;position: relative;width: 34px;text-align: center;}
.social>li>a>span {display:none;}
.social>li{list-style: none;text-align: center;display: inline-block;padding-left: 20px;padding-right: 20px;}
.social>li>a:hover {color: #043C6C;}
#return {width: 44px;position: fixed;height: 44px;right: 0px;z-index: 200000;background: #111;bottom: 0;line-height: 39px;font-size: 2em;color: #fff;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;display: none;}

/*////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* Page Blurb ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
.product_reviews, .product_description {margin: 0;padding-left: 5%;padding-right: 5%;z-index: 200;padding-top: 40px;padding-bottom: 40px;position: relative;webkit-transition: left 500ms ease;-webkit-transition: left 500ms ease;transition: left 500ms ease;left:0;}
.product_reviews{background: #E0E6F0;}
.product_description{background: #fff;z-index: 300;}
.product_reviews p, .product_description p,.product_reviews h1, .product_description h1,.product_reviews ul, .product_description ul   {max-width:1280px; margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}
.product_reviews blockquote:last-child {margin-bottom: 0;}
.product_reviews_arrow {font-size: 46px;position: absolute;border-radius: 100px;background: #E0E6F0;text-align: center;left: 50%;height: 50px;line-height: 50px;width: 50px;margin-left: -25px;bottom: -22px;}
.product_description_arrow {font-size: 46px;position: absolute;border-radius: 100px;background: #fff;text-align: center;left: 50%;height: 50px;line-height: 50px;width: 50px;margin-left: -25px;bottom: -22px;}
/*////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* NAVIGATION ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
.navigation_button {position: fixed;left: 0px;top: 0px;color: #fff;background: #111;font-size:2em;height: 44px;line-height: 44px;width: 44px;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;z-index: 10000000;webkit-transition: all 500ms ease;-webkit-transition: all 500ms ease;transition: all 500ms ease;}
.mobile-navigation_reveal {left:0 !important;}
.mobile-navigation_buttonmove{left: 100%;margin-left: -46px;}/*Colour button switches to on menu reveal*/
.mobile-navigation_shift{left:100%;}/*how much the page shifts on menu reveal*/
.navigation_shift{left:25%;}/*how much the page shifts on menu reveal*/
.navigation_shift_long{left:75%;}/*how much the page shifts on menu reveal*/
.navigation_reveal {left:0 !important;}
.navigation_buttonmove{left:25% !important;background:#111;}
nav{position: fixed;background:#111;width: 100%;height:100%;left:-100%;color: #fff;top:0;z-index:50000;-webkit-transition: left 500ms ease;transition: left 500ms ease;}
.cw-navigation-main{margin: 0;padding: 0;margin-top: 25px;height: 90%;padding-bottom: 70px;overflow-y: auto;}
.cw-navigation-main>li {display: block;background: #222;margin: 6px;font-size: 1em;line-height: 43px;min-height: 44px;padding-top: 0;padding: 0;border-radius: 0;text-align: center;list-style: none;border:0;}
.header-author {display:none;}
.header-edition {display:none;}
.SUBMENU_child {display: none;background: #555;padding: 0;border-left: 2px solid #222;border-right: 2px solid #222;margin-top: -2px;}
.cw-navigation-main a{text-decoration:none;color: #fff;display: block;text-align: left;padding-left:10px;border: 2px solid #222;position:relative;text-overflow: ellipsis;height: 47px;}
.mobile-navigation_reveal .brand-ribbon {display: block;bottom: 0;left: 0;background: #111;width: 100%;padding-top: 4px;position: absolute;height: 50px;}
.mobile-navigation_reveal .brand-ribbon img {height: 40px;margin-left: 4px;}
.SUBMENU_parent {position: relative;width: 100%;margin: 0;top: 0;padding: 0;display: none;-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;-webkit-transform: translateZ(0);left: 0;background: #333;}
.nav_anchor .fa-times {position: absolute;right: 18px;margin-top: 13px;}
.SUBMENU_button-child>.SUBMENU_open::after {content: "\f00d";}
.submenu_reveal .nav_anchor {background: #688FCA;}
.SUBMENU_open {background: #688FCA;}
.SUBMENU_child a {border: 2px solid #333;}
.cw-navigation-main i {width: 20px;text-align: center;margin-left: -4px;}
/*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* Page Tabs ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
#page_pills{display: -webkit-box;display: flex;display: -webkit-flex;display: -ms-flexbox;-webkit-box-pack: start;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-orient: horizontal;-webkit-box-direction: normal;-ms-flex-direction: row;flex-direction: row;-webkit-flex-direction: row;-ms-flex: row;flex-wrap: wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap: wrap;-ms-flex-wrap: wrap;-ms-flex-line-pack: start;align-content: flex-start;-webkit-align-content: flex-start;-ms-flex-align: center;-webkit-box-pack: start;-ms-flex-pack: start;justify-content: flex-start;-webkit-justify-content: flex-start;-ms-justify: center;-webkit-box-align: start;-ms-flex-align: start;align-items: flex-start;-webkit-align-items: flex-start;background: #eee;padding: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;border-bottom: 3px solid #ddd;}
.nav-pills>li.active>a, .nav-pills>li.active>a:hover, .nav-pills>li.active>a:focus {color: #fff;background-color: #111;border-radius: 0;height: 44px;padding: 0;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 44px;padding-right: 30px;}
.tab-pane>.nav-pills>li.active>a, .tab-pane>.nav-pills>li.active>a:hover, .tab-pane>.nav-pills>li.active>a:focus {color: #fff;background-color: #333;border-radius: 0;}
.nav-pills>li {margin: 2px;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex:1;-ms-flex-preferred-size: auto;}
.nav-pills > li.active::after {bottom: 7px;color: #fff;content: "\f103";font-family: FontAwesome;font-size: 1.4em;pointer-events: none;position: absolute;text-align: right;width: 100%;padding-right: 10px;}
.nav-pills > li::after {bottom: 14px;color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4);content: "\f067";font-family: FontAwesome;font-size: 0.7em;pointer-events: none;position: absolute;text-align: right;width: 100%;padding-right: 10px;}
.tab-content > .tab-pane > .nav-pills > li.active::after {bottom: 7px;color:#fff;content: "\f107";font-family: FontAwesome;font-size: 1.4em;pointer-events: none;position: absolute;text-align: right;width: 100%;}
.nav>li>a {position: relative;display: block;padding: 0;background: #ccc;border-radius: 0 !important;height: 44px;line-height: 44px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 30px;color: #fff;}
#page_pills li:first-child {margin-left: 1px;}
#page_pills li:last-child {margin-right: 1px;}
.nav>li>a:hover, .nav>li>a:focus {text-decoration: none;background-color: #688FCA;}
.tab-content {background: #eee;padding: 10px;}
.tab-pane>#page_pills {padding-left: 0;padding-right: 0;padding-top: 0;}
.horiz_navigation_button {position: fixed;top: 0;left: 0;z-index: 1000;font-size: 2em;width: 44px;text-align: center;height: 44px;line-height: 44px;}
.horizontal_menu {padding-top: 44px;}
.horizontal_menu>ul>li>a {text-decoration: none;color: #fff;background: none;display: block;text-align: left;padding-left: 10px;border: 2px solid #222;position: relative;text-overflow: ellipsis;overflow: hidden;height: 47px;}
.horizontal_menu>ul>li {display: block;background: #222;margin: 6px;font-size: 1em;line-height: 43px;min-height: 44px;padding-top: 0;padding: 0;border-radius: 0;text-align: center;list-style: none;border: 0;}
.horizontal_menu img {height: 44px;position: absolute;bottom: 5px;left: 5px;}
.navigation_reveal .dropdown-menu {position: relative;float: none;background: none;margin: 0;padding: 0;}
.navigation_reveal>ul>li>ul>li>a, .navigation_reveal>ul>li>ul>li>ul>li>a{text-decoration: none;color: #fff;display: block;text-align: left;border: 2px solid #222;position: relative;text-overflow: ellipsis;height: 47px;background: #333;padding: 0 0 0 10px;line-height: inherit;}
.navigation_reveal>ul>li>ul>li>ul>li>a{background:#444;}
.horizontal_menu .open>a, .horizontal_menu .open>a:hover, .horizontal_menu .open>a:focus {background:none; border:none;}
/*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* Rows and Columns /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
.row {margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;max-width: 1280px;background: none;}
/*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* SAMS /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

.LOGINFORM_modal {position: fixed;padding: 15px;top: 0;left: 0;background: #fff;width: 100%;height: 100%;z-index: 100000;}
.LOGINFORM_close {position: relative;float: right;font-size: 1.5em;margin-top: -6px;z-index: 20000;width: 44px;height: 44px;margin-right: -6px;line-height: 44px;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;}
.LOGINFORM-new .fa, .LOGINFORM-exist .fa {font-size: 3em;}
.global_form_loader footer{display:none;}
.LOGINFORM_return i, #LOGINFORM_submit_button i {font-size: 2em;}
/*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* CUSTOM ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/


body, html {
    color: #333;
    font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 400;
}

ul, ol {
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.main_color {
    background-color: #fff;
}

.main_bg {
    margin-top: 80px;
    padding: 20px;
}

header {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  
.header_bg {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background-image: linear-gradient(#fff, #fcf7f4);
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f3e3db;
  }

  .book_title_wrapper { /* On homepage */
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: center; 
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .book_title_wrapper_sm { /* On other pages */
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: center; 
    justify-content: left;
  }

   @media screen and (max-width: 700px) {
     .book_title_wrapper  {
         flex-direction: column;
     }
     .title {
        flex-direction: column;
     }
   }

  .title { /* On homepage */
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 20px 0 20px 0;
    }

.title_sm { /* On other pages */
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

  .book_img,
  .title {
    margin: 10px 20px;
  }

  .book_border {
    border: 1px solid #333;
  }

.main_bg_sub {
    margin-top: 50px;
    padding: 20px;
}

 /* BUTTONS */
 .btn-primary,
 .btn-default {
     margin: 10px 5px 10px 0;
     display: inline-block;
     text-decoration: none;
     transition: ease-in 0.3s;
   }

.btn-default {
    color: #fff;
    background-color: #EA526F;
    border: 1px solid #ce193c; 
}

 .btn-primary {
    color: #fff;
    background-color: #00A878;
    border: 1px solid #00533b;
 }

 .btn-default:hover,
.btn-primary:hover {
    color: #222;
    background-color: #fff;
    border: 1px solid #222;
}

   /* /BUTTONS */
 

   /* Typography */
   h1,
   h2,
   h3,
   h4,
   h5 {
    font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
   }

   h1,
   h2,
   h3,
   h4,
   h5 {
    color: #333;
    line-height: 1.3;
    font-weight: 400;
   }

   h1 {
    color: #618DC9;
    font-size: 28px;
   }

   h1.book_title_sm {
    font-size: 24px;
   }

   h2 {
    color: #5B5750;
    font-size: 24px;   
   }

   h3 {
    color: #618DC9;
    font-size: 20px;   
    line-height: 1.3;
   }

   h4 {
    font-size: 18px;   
   }

   h5 {
    font-size: 18px;   
   }

   h1.book_title,
   h2.book_subtitle,
   h3.edition_no,
   h4.author_name,
   h1.book_title_sm,
   h2.book_subtitle_sm
    {
    font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
    margin: 10px 0;
    
   }

   h1.book_title,
   h1.book_title_sm  {
    color:  #618DC9;
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2.5vw, 2rem); 
    text-transform: uppercase;
   }

   h1.book_title small {
    color: #555;
}

   h2.book_subtitle {
    color: #555;
    font-size: 20px;
    margin-top: 0;
   }

   h1.book_title,
   h2.book_subtitle,
   h1.book_title_sm {
       line-height: 1.3;
   }

   h3.edition_no,
   h4.author_name {
    color: #555;
   }

   h3.edition_no {
    font-size: 16px;
   }

   h4.author_name {
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 1.2rem); 
   }

/* Global Nav */
nav.horizontal_menu { 
    background-color: #618DC9;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #7f84ba;
    }
  
  .horizontal_menu.navbar_background {  background-color: #618DC9;}
  
  ul.cw-navigation-horz.nav a{ 
      color: #fff; 
      margin-top: 0; 
    }

/* Dropdown on Global Nav */ 
.dropdown-menu {
    background-color: #618DC9;
    color: red;
}

.dropdown-menu>li>a:hover {
    background-color: #618DC9;
    color: #fff;
    text-decoration: underline;
}
  
  /* Mobile Nav- changes the bg colour */
  nav::before { 
    background-color: #618DC9; 
    border: 0;}

    .horizontal_menu>ul>li> {
        background-color: #618DC9;
    }
  
  .horizontal_menu>ul>li>a {
      border: 1px solid #618DC9;
      background-color: #444;
  }

/* Footer a11y style */
.global-footer {
    background-color: ##515A5C;
  }

.global-footer p {
    color: #e1e1e1
}

.global-footer a {
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Add space between rows of videos */
.spacer { 
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}