Chapter 3

2017 Chemistry

Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Hendersen       Cryomicroscopy       
 https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2017/summary/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2017/dubochet/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2017/frank/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2017/henderson/facts/

1986 Physics

Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer    STM
 https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1986/summary/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1986/binnig/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1986/rohrer/facts/
Ernst Ruska    electron microscope
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1986/summary /
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1986/ruska/facts/

1982 Physics

Aaron Klug    crystallographic electron microscopy
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1982/press-release/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1982/klug/facts/

1952 Physics

Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell             NMR
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1952/summary/
https://www.nobelFelix prize.org/prizes/physics/1952/bloch/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1952/purcell/facts/

1937 Physics

Clinton Joseph Davisson and George Paget Thomson           electron diffraction of crystals 
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1937/summary/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1937/davisson/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1937/thomson/facts/

1924 Physics

Manne Siegbahn           X-ray spectroscopy
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1924/summary/
 https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1924/siegbahn/facts/

Chapter 4

1946 Physics

Percy Williams Bridgman        high pressure apparatus
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1946/summary/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1946/bridgman/facts/

Chapter 5

2003 Physics

Alexei Alexeyevich  Abrikosov, Vitaly Lazerevich Ginzburg and Anthony J. Leggett       theory of superconductors
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2003/abrikosov/facts/
 https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2003/ginzburg/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2003/leggett/facts/

2000 Physics

Zhores I. Alferov and Herbert Kroemer      semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics
Jack S. Kilby         his part in the invention of the integrated circuit
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2000/press-release/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2000/alferov/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2000/kroemer/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2000/kilby/facts/

1998 Chemistry

Walter Kohn       DFT
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1998/press-release/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1998/kohn/facts/
John Pople           computational methods in quantum chemistry
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1998/pople/facts/

1987 Physics

J. Georg Bednorz and K. Alexander Müller         High temperature superconductor
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1987/summary/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1987/bednorz/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1987/muller/facts/

1973 Physics

Jeo Esaki   tunnelling effects in semiconductors
Ivar Giaever   tunnelling effects in superconductors
Brian David Josephson     the Josephson effect
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1973/summary/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1973/esaki/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1973/giaever/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1973/josephson/facts/

1972 Physics

John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer  BCS theory
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1972/summary/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1972/bardeen/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1972/cooper/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1972/schrieffer/facts/

1966 Chemistry

Robert S. Mulliken   fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1966/summary/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1966/mulliken/facts/

1956 Physcics

John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain and William Bradford Schockley          transistors
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/summary/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/shockley/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/bardeen/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/brattain/facts/

1945 Physics

Wolfgang Pauli            Pauli exclusion principle
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1945/summary/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1945/pauli/facts/

1913 Physics

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes    low temperature physics
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1913/summary/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1913/onnes/facts/

Chapter 6

There is no content for this chapter.

Chapter 7

2019 Chemistry

M. Stanley Whittingham, John B. Goodenough and  Akira Yashino        lithium ion batteries
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2019/press-release/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2019/goodenough/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2019/whittingham/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2019/yoshino/facts/

1977 Physics

Philip Warren Anderson              movement of electrons in disordered systems.
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1977/anderson/facts/

Chapter 8

There is no content for this chapter.

Chapter 10

2007 Physics

Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg         GMR
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2007/press-release/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2007/fert/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2007/grunberg/facts/

1977 Physics

Sir Neville Francis Mott and John Hasbrouck van Vleck           theoretical investigations of magnetic and disordered systems
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1977/mott/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1977/vleck/facts/

1970 Physics

Louis Néel  ferro- and antiferomagnetism
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1970/summary/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1970/neel/facts/

Chapter 12

2021 Physics

Syukoro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann          physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2021/press-release/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2021/manabe/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2021/hasselmann/facts/

2007 Peace

IPCC and Albert Arnold Gore Jr              climate change
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2007/summary/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2007/gore/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2007/ipcc/facts/

2004 Peace

Wangari Muta Maathai          sustainable development, democracy, and peace
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2004/press-release/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2004/maathai/facts/