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Chapter 1

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Here are some additional websites and readings that you can explore to provide yourself with better insight into the history and basics of human memory.

Metaphors of Memory: http://thememorynetwork.net/category/exchanges/metaphors-of-memory/

Ebbinghaus’s classic text: http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Ebbinghaus/

Frederic Bartlett: http://www.bartlett.psychol.cam.ac.uk/Intellectual%20Biography.htm

William James: http://wjsociety.org/

Barsalou, L. W. (2008). Grounded Cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 617–645.

Danziger, K. (2008). Marking the Mind. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Ebbinghaus, H. (1885/1964). Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology. Translated by H. A. Ruger & C. E. Bussenius. New York: Dover.

Hebb, D. O. (1949). The Organization of Behavior. New York: Wiley.

Hintzman, D. L. (2011). Research strategy in the study of memory: Fads, fallacies, and the search for the “coordinates of truth”. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 253–271.

James, W. (1890/1950). The Principles of Psychology. New York: Dover.

Mandler, G. (2011). A History of Modern Experimental Psychology: From James and Wundt to Cognitive Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Chapter 2

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Here are some additional websites and readings that you can explore to provide yourself with better insight into the neuroscience of memory.

A neuron simulator: http://www.neuron.yale.edu/neuron/download

Neurotransmitters: http://www.neurotransmitter.net/index.php

Long-term potentiation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vso9jgfpI_c

Default mode network: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6A-RqZzd2JU

Transcranial magnetic stimulation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7vOgHqE_P4

Functional MRI: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLORKtkf2n8 or http://science.howstuffworks.com/fmri.htm

Bliss, T. V. P., & Collingridge, G. L. (1993). A synaptic model of memory: Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Nature, 232, 31–39.

Buckner, R. L., Andrews‐Hanna, J. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2008). The brain’s default network. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences1124(1), 1–38.

McGaugh, J. L. (2000). Memory – a century of consolidation. Science, 287(5451), 248–251.

Meeter, M., & Murre, J. M. (2004). Consolidation of long-term memory: Evidence and alternatives. Psychological Bulletin130(6), 843–857.

Penfield, W. (1955). The permanent record of the stream of consciousness. Acta Psychologica, 11, 47–69.

Posner, M. I., & Raichle, M. E. (1994). Images of Mind. New York: Scientific American Library/Scientific American Books.

Ramachandran, V. S. (2012). The Tell-Tale Brain: A Neuroscientist's Quest for What Makes Us Human. New York: W. W. Norton.

Chapter 3

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Here are some additional websites and readings that you can explore to provide yourself with better insight into the neuroscience of memory.

Levels of processing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykD4APOVLB4

Dual coding theory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CPNLwKmWpc

The testing effect: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wqG7g1kZUo

Averell, L., & Heathcote, A. (2011). The form of the forgetting curve and the fate of memories. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 55(1), 25–35.

Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 12, 671–684.

Ebbinghaus, H. (1885/1964). Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology. Translated by H. A. Ruger & C. E. Bussenius. New York: Dover.

Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (2004). Detection Theory: A User’s Guide. New York: Psychology Press.

Sadoski, M., & Paivio, A. (2012). Imagery and Text: A Dual Coding Theory of Reading and Writing. New York: Routledge.

Wheeler, M. A., & Roediger, H. L. (1992). Disparate effects of repeated testing: Reconciling Ballard’s (1913) and Barlett’s (1932) results. Psychological Science, 3, 240–245.

Wixted, J. T. (2004). On common ground: Jost’s (1897) law of forgetting and Ribot’s (1881) law of anterograde amnesia. Psychological Review, 111, 864–879.

Chapter 4

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Here are some additional websites and readings that you can explore to provide yourself with better insight into sensory and short-term memory.

Sperling’s partial report procedure: http://study.com/academy/lesson/iconic-memory-sperlings-partial-report-experiment.html

Change blindness: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkrrVozZR2c

Short-term memory capacity: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqMtrtUWQIY

Synesthesia and memory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APEpOVpDvzU

Short-term memory search: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-j4WWko-4Y

Serial position curve: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsZKBsy6yDw

http://cat.xula.edu/thinker/memory/working/serial

Brown, G. D. A. (1997). Formal models of memory for serial order: A review. In M. A. Conway (Ed.), Cognitive Models of Memory, pp. 47–78. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Cowan, N. (2000). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 87–185.

Goldinger, S. D., & Papesh, M. H. (2012). Pupil dilation reflects the creation and retrieval of memories. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(2), 90–95.

Hardt, O., Nader, K., & Nadel, L. (2013). Decay happens: The role of active forgetting in memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences17(3), 111–120.

Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81–97.

Radvansky, G. A., Gibson, B. S., & McNerney, M. (2011). Synesthesia and memory: Color congruency, von Restorff, and false memory effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition37(1), 219.

Chapter 5

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Here are some additional websites and readings that you can explore to provide yourself with better insight into issues of working memory.

Baddeley and working memory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mT0NLihOK30

Mental rotation: http://psych.hanover.edu/JavaTest/CLE/Cognition/Cognition/mentalrotation_instructions.html

Dysexecutive syndrome: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvyNhssMQpE

Working memory and video games: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afiXYLxFRqQ

Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Working Memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Beilock, S. (2010). Choke: What the Secrets of the Brain Reveal About Getting It Right When You Have To. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Cowan, N. (2012). Working Memory Capacity. New York: Psychology Press.

Engle, R. W., Tuholski, S. W., Laughlin, J. E., & Conway, A. R. A. (1999). Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: A latent variable approach. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128, 309–331.

Intraub, H., & Richardson, M. (1989). Wide-angle memories of close-up scenes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 179–187.

Kosslyn, S. M., Ball, T. M., & Reiser, B. J. (1978). Visual images preserve metric spatial information: Evidence from studies of image scanning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance4(1), 47–60.

Shepard, R. N., & Metzler, J. (1971). Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Science, 171, 701–703.

Chapter 6

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Here are some additional websites and readings that you can explore to provide yourself with better insight into some of the principles of nondeclarative memory.

Classical conditioning: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5rXSjId0q4

Mere exposure effect: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YL2n-Xur-UY

Andrade, J. (1995). Learning during anaesthesia: A review. British Journal of Psychology, 86, 479–506.

Beilock, S. (2015). How the Body Knows Its Mind: The Surprising Power of the Physical Environment to Influence How You Think and Feel. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Brown, A. S. (2003). A review of the déjà vu experience. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 394–413.

Campitelli, G., & Gobet, F. (2011). Deliberate practice necessary but not sufficient. Current Directions in Psychological Science20(5), 280–285.

Chein, J. M., & Schneider, W. (2012). The brain’s learning and control architecture. Current Directions in Psychological Science21(2), 78–84.

Pothos, E. M. (2007). Theories of artificial grammar learning. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 227–244.

Chapter 7

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Here are some additional websites and readings that you can explore to provide yourself with better insight into episodic memory.

Testing effect: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpZRbJ9hJ4c

Adaptive memory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfvjjOkVg8Y

Prospective memory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_nhRjQHnQg

Episodic future thinking: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5kSj0HeqbI

Bahrick, H. P. (1984). Semantic memory content in permastore: Fifty years of memory for Spanish learned in school. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General113(1), 1–29.

Hunt, R. R., & McDaniel, M. A. (1993). The enigma of organization and distinctiveness. Journal of Memory and Language32(4), 421–445.

Klein, S. B. (2013). The temporal orientation of memory: It’s time for a change of direction. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 2(4), 222–234.

Smith, S. M., & Vela, E. (2001). Environmental context-dependent memory: A review and meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8, 203–220.

Szpunar, K. K. (2010). Episodic future thought: An emerging concept. Perspectives on Psychological Science5(2), 142162.

Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of Episodic Memory. New York: Oxford University Press.

Chapter 8

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Here are some additional websites and readings for you to explore to get a deeper understanding of the issues involved in long-term memory forgetting.

Seven sins: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLCOJzkn-Bc

New Theory of Disuse: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv6Vye1JCjo

Proactive and retroactive interference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJWadZiC0SI

Bjork, R. A., & Bjork, E. L. (1992). A new theory of disuse and an old theory of stimulus fluctuation. In A. Healy, S. Kosslyn, & R, Shiffrin (Eds.), From Learning Processes to Cognitive Processes: Essays in Honor of William K. Estes, pp. 35–67. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Della Sala, S. (2010). Forgetting. New York: Psychology Press.

Golding, J. M., & MacLeod, C. M. (2013). Intentional Forgetting: Interdisciplinary Approaches. New York: Psychology Press.

McGeoch, J. A. (1932). Forgetting and the law of disuse. Psychological Review, 39, 352–370.

Schacter, D. L. (2001). The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Chapter 9

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Here are some additional websites and readings for you to explore to get a deeper understanding of the basic principles of semantic memory.

SNARC effect: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73EH_zFug0o

Schemas: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6q2MN_9WrA

Schema example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4HHCgFmkcI

Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Dehaene, S., Bossini, S., & Giraux, P. (1993). The mental representation of parity and number magnitude. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122, 371–396.

Estes, W. K. (1994). Classification and Cognition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Mandler, J. M. (2014). Stories, Scripts, and Scenes: Aspects of Schema Theory. New York: Psychology Press.

Winer, G. A., Cottrell, J. E., Gregg, V., Fournier, J. S., & Bica, L. A. (2002). Fundamentally misunderstanding visual perception. American Psychologist, 57, 417–424.

Chapter 10

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Here are some additional websites and readings for you to explore to get a deeper understanding of the issues concerning formal models of memory.

Models of Memory: http://memory.psych.mun.ca/models/models.shtml

The ACT model of memory: http://act-r.psy.cmu.edu/about/

Latent Semantic Analysis: http://lsa.colorado.edu/

PDP model demonstration: http://axc.ulb.be/

Anderson, J. R. (1990). The Adaptive Character of Thought. New York: Psychology Press.

Hintzman, D. L. (1986). “Schema abstraction” in a multiple-trace memory model. Psychological Review, 93, 411–428.

Kanerva, P. (1988). Sparse Distributed Memory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Mandler, G. (2008). Familiarity breeds attempts: A critical review of dual-process theories of recognition. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 390–399.

McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1986). Parallel Distributed Processing, Vol. 2: Psychological and Biological Models. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Raaijmakers, J. G. W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1980). SAM: A theory of probabilistic search of associative memory. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 14, 207–262.

Rumelhart, D. E., & McClelland, J. L. (1986). Parallel Distributed Processing, Vol. 1: Foundations. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Yonelinas, A. P. (2002). The nature of recollection and familiarity: A review of 30 years of research. Journal of Memory and Language, 46, 441–517.

Chapter 11

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Here are some additional websites and readings to explore that have issues to do with memory for space and time.

Place cells: https://www.ted.com/talks/neil_burgess_how_your_brain_tells_you_where_you_are?language=en

Evans, G. W., & Pezdek, K. (1980). Cognitive mapping: Knowledge of real-world distance and location information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 13–24.

Holyoak, K. J., & Mah, W. A. (1982). Cognitive reference points in judgments of symbolic magnitude. Cognitive Psychology, 14, 328–352.

Huttenlocher, J., Hedges, L. V., & Duncan, S. (1991). Categories and particulars: Prototype effects in estimating spatial locations. Psychological Review, 98, 352–376.

McNamara, T. P. (1986). Mental representations of spatial relations. Cognitive Psychology, 18, 87–121.

Thompson, C. P., Skowronski, J. J., Larsen, S. F., & Betz, A. L. (1996). Autobiographical Memory: Remembering What and Remembering When. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Wiest, W. M., & Bell, B. (1985). Stevens’s exponent for psychophysical scaling of perceived, remembered, and inferred distance. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 457–470.

Chapter 12

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Here are some additional websites and readings for you to explore to get a deeper understanding of the topics in autobiographical memory.

Flashbulb memories: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPhW9bUI4F0

Highly superior autobiographical memory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0-mv26szJk

Berntsen, D. (2009). Involuntary Autobiographical Memories: An Introduction to the Unbidden Past. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Bruner, J. (1991). The narrative construction of reality. Critical Inquiry, 18, 1–21.

Conway, M. A. (1996). Autobiographical memory. In E. L. Bjork & R. A. Bjork (Eds.), Memory. San Diego: Academic Press.

Fivush, R., & Haden, C. A. (Eds.). (2003). Autobiographical Memory and the Construction of a Narrative Self: Developmental and Cultural Perspectives. New York: Psychology Press.

Luminet, O., & Curci, A. (Eds.). (2008). Flashbulb Memories: New Issues and New Perspectives. New York: Psychology Press.

Radvansky, G. A., & Zacks, J. M. (2014). Event Cognition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Chapter 13

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Here are some additional websites and readings that can provide better insight into issues of memory and reality.

Source monitoring: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xv-UAPbcbNU

False memories: https://www.ted.com/talks/elizabeth_loftus_the_fiction_of_memory

Implanted memories: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epN2yEFUmEI

Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (2005). The Science of False Memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Gallo, D. A. (2010). False memories and fantastic beliefs: 15 years of the DRM illusion. Memory & Cognition38(7), 833–848.

Garry, M., & Polaschek, D. L. L. (2000). Imagination and memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 6–10.

Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 3–28.

Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 803–814.

Westerman, D. L. (2000). Recollection-based recognition eliminates the revelation effect in memory. Memory & Cognition, 28, 167–175.

Chapter 14

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Here are some additional websites and readings that you can use to further explore some of the ideas about how memory can impact legal issues.

Eyewitness memory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSzPn9rsPcY

Weapon focus effect: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0E8USGvBqHE

Brainerd, C. J. (2013). Murder must memorise. Memory21(5), 547–555.

Christianson, S. (1992). Emotional stress and eyewitness memory: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 284–309.

Fawcett, J. M., Russell, E. J., Peace, K. A., & Christie, J. (2013). Of guns and geese: A meta-analytic review of the “weapon focus” literature. Psychology, Crime & Law19(1), 35–66.

Fisher, R. P., & Geiselman, R. E. (1992). Memory Enhancing Techniques for Investigative Interviewing: The Cognitive Interview. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

Lampinen, J. M., Neuschatz, J. S., & Cling, A. D. (2012). The Psychology of Eyewitness Identification. New York: Taylor & Francis.

Neisser, U. (1981). John Dean’s memory: A case study. Cognition, 9, 1–22.

Chapter 15

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Here are some additional websites and readings so that you can further explore issues involving metamemory.

Judgments of learning: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Px1sGINuKQ

Tip-of-the-tongue: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sFeibGnZ6tc

Mnemonics: https://www.mnemonic-device.com/

Photographic memory: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/i-developed-what-appears-to-be-a-ph/

Brown, A. S. (1991). A review of the tip-of-the-tongue experience. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 204–223.

Cleary, A. M., & Greene, R. L. (2000). Recognition without identification. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26(4), 1063–1069.

Dunlosky, J., & Bjork, R. A. (2013). Handbook of Metamemory and Memory. New York: Psychology Press.

Gardiner, J. M., & Java, R. I. (1993). Recognizing and remembering. In A. F. Collins, S. E. Gathercole, M. A. Conway, & P. E. Morris (Eds.), Theories of Memory, pp. 163–188. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Thompson, C. P., Cowan, T. M., & Frieman, J. (1993). Memory Search by a Memorist. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Chapter 16

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Here are some additional websites and readings that can provide you with deeper insight into some of the ideas of how memory changes across infancy and childhood.

Looking method: https://youtu.be/dlilZh60qdA?t=1m6s

Conjugate reinforcement: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aSSM89ivJw

Infantile amnesia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee3MFixiXwc

Memory development over time: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkwEFw0UEz4

Atance, C. M. (2008). Future thinking in young children. Current Directions in Psychological Science17(4), 295–298.

Bauer, P. J. (2007). Recall in infancy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 142–146.

Ceci, S. J., & Bruck, M. (1993). Suggestibility of the child witness: A historical review and synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 403–439.

Jack, F., & Hayne, H. (2010). Childhood amnesia: Empirical evidence for a two-stage phenomenon. Memory18(8), 831–844.

Josselyn, S. A., & Frankland, P. W. (2012). Infantile amnesia: A neurogenic hypothesis. Learning & Memory19(9), 423–433.

Chapter 17

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Here are some additional websites and readings for you to further explore issues related to memory and aging.

Aging and memory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2J1QXq3L-1o

Alzheimer’s: http://www.alz.org; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJXTXN4xrI8

Parkinson’s disease: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hu4eTijdIv0

Chasteen, A. L., Bhattacharyya, S., Horhota, M., Tam, R., & Hasher, L. (2005). How feelings of stereotype threat influence older adults’ memory performance. Experimental Aging Research31(3), 235–260.

Einstein, G. O. (2004). Memory Fitness: A Guide for Successful Aging. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Logie, R. H., & Maylor, E. A. (2009). An internet study of prospective memory across adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 24, 767–774.

Naveh-Benjamin, M., & Ohta, N. (2012). Memory and Aging: Current Issues and Future Directions. New York: Psychology Press.

Radvansky, G. A. & Dijkstra, K. (2007) Aging and situation model processing. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 1027–1042.

Chapter 18

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Here are some additional websites and readings for you to further explore issues of amnesia.

Clive Wearing: http://www.radiolab.org/story/91578-clive/

H. M. (Henry Molaison): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQASyR0w8Qo

Dissociative amnesia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9_dqu7qz2w

Baddeley, A. D., Kopelman, M. D., & Wilson, B. A. (Eds.). (2003). The Handbook of Memory Disorders. Chichester (UK): John Wiley & Sons.

Campbell, R. E., & Conway, M. A. (1995). Broken Memories: Case Studies in Memory Impairment. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.

Corkin, S. (2013). Permanent Present Tense: The Unforgettable Life of the Amnesic Patient (Vol. 1000). New York: Basic Books.

Parkin, A. J. (1997). Memory and Amnesia: An Introduction. New York: Psychology Press.

Ribot, T. A. (1882). Diseases of Memory: An Essay in the Positive Psychology. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, & Co.