Chapter 10

the intensity of exercise just below that at which metabolic acidosis and the associated changes in gas exchange occur

for swimmers, breathing is less than once per stroke cycle

low- to moderate-intensity activity performed after a physical activity

training performed at the lactate threshold, consisting of discontinuous work bouts lasting approximately 3 to 10 minutes with 1-minute rest intervals

the secession, or stopping, of a training program; usually accompanied by a decrease in fitness

a racing technique in which an athlete performs directly behind another athlete to reduce wind and air resistance

how long exercise is performed each day

the efficiency with which a movement is performed; may be determined by measuring the oxygen cost

training that consists of an easy, continuous pace alternating with short, high-intensity bursts

how often exercise is performed; usually, the number of times per week exercise is performed

the difference between maximum heart rate and resting heart rate; the ability of the heart to increase its rate of contraction; also known as heart rate range

individuals with known cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease or who exhibit certain symptoms

a training method, such as controlled frequency breathing, in which ventilatory volume and partial pressure of oxygen decrease while the partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases

a training method in which the partial pressure of oxygen is subnormal

a term used to describe the degree of physiological strain or challenge of exercise

training consisting of short periods of work alternating with short rest intervals

the measurement of the anaerobic threshold by blood lactate levels

training at approximately 65 to 70 percent of VO2 max to develop the cardiorespiratory system, circulatory blood supply to the active muscles, and enhance the metabolic characteristics of the muscles

men under 45 and women under 55 who are asymptomatic and have no more than one risk factor

3.5 • mL • kg–1 • min–1; average resting VO2; used to describe the intensity of an exercise as a multiple of the resting VO2, for example, 1 MET, 2 MET, etc.

a term used to describe the type of exercise

men over 45 and women over 55, or any person with more than one risk factor

a 15-point scale used to quantify an individual’s subjective opinion of exercise intensity

a type of training similar to interval training, but involving greater intensity, work bouts lasting approximately 30 to 90 seconds, and a work to recovery ratio of 1:5

the desired exercise heart rate for an exercise bout; usually obtained by multiplying the maximum heart rate reserve by a percentage within the range of 40 to 85 percent

training consisting of continuous work bouts of approximately 20 minutes duration

the measurement of the anaerobic threshold by expired gas samples

the difference between VO₂ max and resting VO2

the product of the frequency,intensity, and time of exercise (frequency x intensity x time), which reflects the total amount of physical activity performed

activities that increase general body temperature and the temperature of muscles involved in a physical activity, prior to the activity