/*////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* MAIN CONTENT //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
html, body{/*background:#111;*/font-size: 16px;font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;overflow-x: hidden;}
.main {padding-left: 1%;padding-right: 1%;background: #fff;left: 0;overflow: hidden;position: relative;padding-bottom: 50px;min-height: 600px;}
.main, .responsive_fullscreen_header{webkit-transition: left 500ms ease;-webkit-transition: left 500ms ease;transition: left 500ms ease;}
.no_button_styling {background: none;border: none !important;}
/*////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* Text Elements /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
a {color: #688FCA;text-decoration: none;}
a:hover, a:focus {color: #9FCCF2;text-decoration: none;}

/* Default colour styles */ 
.danger{color:#CA1E47;}
.alert{color:#F29500;}
.passive{color:#85CC8E;}
.tandf{color:#688FCA;}
.dusk{color:#C17270;}
.cyan{color:#448391;}
.purple{color:#7368A0;}
.slate{color:#333333;}
.med_slate{color:#5F5F5F;}
.mute_slate{color:#CFCFCF;}

/*Header Text / Title and SubTitle*/
.header-title, .header-subtitle{display: block;text-align: center;position: absolute;color: #fff;width: 100%;}
.header-title {line-height: 100vh; /* This value will get switched out by JS */font-size: 8vmin;}
.reduced_header .header-title {line-height: 28vh;}
.reduced_header .header-subtitle {line-height: 37vh;}
.header-subtitle {line-height: 110vh;margin-top:2vmin;font-size: 4vmin;}

/*Block Quotes for Routledge generated book quotes*/
.product_reviews-bq .fa {padding: 5px;font-size: 0.7em;position: absolute;}
.product_reviews-bq .fa-quote-left {margin-left: -22px;}
.product_reviews-bq p {margin-left: 22px;}
.citation{font-size: 0.7em;color: #688FCA;display: block;padding-top: 10px;}
blockquote {border-left: 5px solid #E0E6F0;}
.html5warning{background:#CA1E47;color:#fff;text-align: center;margin:0;padding:0;position: absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:400;width:100%;}
.html5logo{font-size:3em;}

/*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* RESPONSIVE HEADER ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
.responsive_fullscreen_header{background: url("../img/bg.jpg") repeat scroll center center / cover  #333333;left:0;position:relative; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover;}/*The background image for the header...*/
.reduced_header{height:300px;}/*Header image size when you DON'T want fullscreen*/
.header-scroll_icon {font-size: 46px;position: absolute;border-radius: 100px;background: #fff;text-align: center;left: 50%;height: 50px;line-height: 48px;width: 50px;margin-left: -25px;bottom: 0;z-index:400;-webkit-transition: left 500ms ease;transition: left 500ms ease;}
nav::before {content: "";background: #111;display: block;width: 100%;height: 44px;z-index: 1;position: fixed;left: 0;top: 0;-webkit-transition: left 500ms ease;transition: left 500ms ease;}
/*/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* FOOTER //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
footer{background:#333;color: #fff;-webkit-transition: left 500ms ease;transition: left 500ms ease;position:relative;left:0;}
.cw-navigation-main {margin-top: 25px;}
.FOOTER_information {display: none;}
.FOOTER_cookies{background:#111;color:#fff;text-align: center;height:44px;line-height:44px;font-size: 0.5em;}
.FOOTER_copyright{background:#222;color:#fff;text-align: center;height:44px;line-height:44px;font-size: 0.6em;}
.FOOTER_social {background: #688FCA;color: #fff;position: relative;z-index: 10;height: 150px;line-height: 150px;}
.FOOTER_social>.social>li>a {color:#fff;text-decoration: none;}
.social{margin:0;padding:0;display: -webkit-box;display: flex;display: -webkit-flex;display: -ms-flexbox;-webkit-box-pack: start;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-orient: horizontal;-webkit-box-direction: normal;-ms-flex-direction: row;flex-direction: row;-webkit-flex-direction: row;-ms-flex: row;flex-wrap: wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap: wrap;-ms-flex-wrap: wrap;-ms-flex-line-pack: center;align-content: center;-webkit-align-content: center;-ms-flex-align: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-justify-content: center;-ms-justify: center;-webkit-box-align: center;-ms-flex-align: center;align-items: center;-webkit-align-items: center;}
.social>li>a>i {font-size: 2em;top: 6px;position: relative;width: 34px;text-align: center;}
.social>li>a>span {display:none;}
.social>li{list-style: none;text-align: center;display: inline-block;padding-left: 20px;padding-right: 20px;}
.social>li>a:hover {color: #043C6C;}
#return {width: 44px;position: fixed;height: 44px;right: 0px;z-index: 200000;background: #111;bottom: 0;line-height: 39px;font-size: 2em;color: #fff;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;display: none;}

/*////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* Page Blurb ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
.product_reviews, .product_description {margin: 0;padding-left: 5%;padding-right: 5%;z-index: 200;padding-top: 40px;padding-bottom: 40px;position: relative;webkit-transition: left 500ms ease;-webkit-transition: left 500ms ease;transition: left 500ms ease;left:0;}
.product_reviews{background: #E0E6F0;}
.product_description{background: #fff;z-index: 300;}
.product_reviews p, .product_description p,.product_reviews h1, .product_description h1,.product_reviews ul, .product_description ul   {max-width:1280px; margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}
.product_reviews blockquote:last-child {margin-bottom: 0;}
.product_reviews_arrow {font-size: 46px;position: absolute;border-radius: 100px;background: #E0E6F0;text-align: center;left: 50%;height: 50px;line-height: 50px;width: 50px;margin-left: -25px;bottom: -22px;}
.product_description_arrow {font-size: 46px;position: absolute;border-radius: 100px;background: #fff;text-align: center;left: 50%;height: 50px;line-height: 50px;width: 50px;margin-left: -25px;bottom: -22px;}
/*////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* NAVIGATION ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
.navigation_button {position: fixed;left: 0px;top: 0px;color: #fff;background: #111;font-size:2em;height: 44px;line-height: 44px;width: 44px;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;z-index: 10000000;webkit-transition: all 500ms ease;-webkit-transition: all 500ms ease;transition: all 500ms ease;}
.mobile-navigation_reveal {left:0 !important;}
.mobile-navigation_buttonmove{left: 100%;margin-left: -46px;}/*Colour button switches to on menu reveal*/
.mobile-navigation_shift{left:100%;}/*how much the page shifts on menu reveal*/
.navigation_shift{left:25%;}/*how much the page shifts on menu reveal*/
.navigation_shift_long{left:75%;}/*how much the page shifts on menu reveal*/
.navigation_reveal {left:0 !important;}
.navigation_buttonmove{left:25% !important;background:#111;}
nav{position: fixed;background:#111;width: 100%;height:100%;left:-100%;color: #fff;top:0;z-index:50000;-webkit-transition: left 500ms ease;transition: left 500ms ease;}
.cw-navigation-main{margin: 0;padding: 0;margin-top: 25px;height: 90%;padding-bottom: 70px;overflow-y: auto;}
.cw-navigation-main>li {display: block;background: #222;margin: 6px;font-size: 1em;line-height: 43px;min-height: 44px;padding-top: 0;padding: 0;border-radius: 0;text-align: center;list-style: none;border:0;}
.header-author {display:none;}
.header-edition {display:none;}
.SUBMENU_child {display: none;background: #555;padding: 0;border-left: 2px solid #222;border-right: 2px solid #222;margin-top: -2px;}
.cw-navigation-main a{text-decoration:none;color: #fff;display: block;text-align: left;padding-left:10px;border: 2px solid #222;position:relative;text-overflow: ellipsis;height: 47px;}
.mobile-navigation_reveal .brand-ribbon {display: block;bottom: 0;left: 0;background: #111;width: 100%;padding-top: 4px;position: absolute;height: 50px;}
.mobile-navigation_reveal .brand-ribbon img {height: 40px;margin-left: 4px;}
.SUBMENU_parent {position: relative;width: 100%;margin: 0;top: 0;padding: 0;display: none;-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;-webkit-transform: translateZ(0);left: 0;background: #333;}
.nav_anchor .fa-times {position: absolute;right: 18px;margin-top: 13px;}
.SUBMENU_button-child>.SUBMENU_open::after {content: "\f00d";}
.submenu_reveal .nav_anchor {background: #688FCA;}
.SUBMENU_open {background: #688FCA;}
.SUBMENU_child a {border: 2px solid #333;}
.cw-navigation-main i {width: 20px;text-align: center;margin-left: -4px;}
/*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* Page Tabs ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
#page_pills{display: -webkit-box;display: flex;display: -webkit-flex;display: -ms-flexbox;-webkit-box-pack: start;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-orient: horizontal;-webkit-box-direction: normal;-ms-flex-direction: row;flex-direction: row;-webkit-flex-direction: row;-ms-flex: row;flex-wrap: wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap: wrap;-ms-flex-wrap: wrap;-ms-flex-line-pack: start;align-content: flex-start;-webkit-align-content: flex-start;-ms-flex-align: center;-webkit-box-pack: start;-ms-flex-pack: start;justify-content: flex-start;-webkit-justify-content: flex-start;-ms-justify: center;-webkit-box-align: start;-ms-flex-align: start;align-items: flex-start;-webkit-align-items: flex-start;background: #eee;padding: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;border-bottom: 3px solid #ddd;}
.nav-pills>li.active>a, .nav-pills>li.active>a:hover, .nav-pills>li.active>a:focus {color: #fff;background-color: #111;border-radius: 0;height: 44px;padding: 0;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 44px;padding-right: 30px;}
.tab-pane>.nav-pills>li.active>a, .tab-pane>.nav-pills>li.active>a:hover, .tab-pane>.nav-pills>li.active>a:focus {color: #fff;background-color: #333;border-radius: 0;}
.nav-pills>li {margin: 2px;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex:1;-ms-flex-preferred-size: auto;}
.nav-pills > li.active::after {bottom: 7px;color: #fff;content: "\f103";font-family: FontAwesome;font-size: 1.4em;pointer-events: none;position: absolute;text-align: right;width: 100%;padding-right: 10px;}
.nav-pills > li::after {bottom: 14px;color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4);content: "\f067";font-family: FontAwesome;font-size: 0.7em;pointer-events: none;position: absolute;text-align: right;width: 100%;padding-right: 10px;}
.tab-content > .tab-pane > .nav-pills > li.active::after {bottom: 7px;color:#fff;content: "\f107";font-family: FontAwesome;font-size: 1.4em;pointer-events: none;position: absolute;text-align: right;width: 100%;}
.nav>li>a {position: relative;display: block;padding: 0;background: #ccc;border-radius: 0 !important;height: 44px;line-height: 44px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 30px;color: #fff;}
#page_pills li:first-child {margin-left: 1px;}
#page_pills li:last-child {margin-right: 1px;}
.nav>li>a:hover, .nav>li>a:focus {text-decoration: none;background-color: #688FCA;}
.tab-content {background: #eee;padding: 10px;}
.tab-pane>#page_pills {padding-left: 0;padding-right: 0;padding-top: 0;}
.horiz_navigation_button {position: fixed;top: 0;left: 0;z-index: 1000;font-size: 2em;width: 44px;text-align: center;height: 44px;line-height: 44px;}
.horizontal_menu {padding-top: 44px;}
.horizontal_menu>ul>li>a {text-decoration: none;color: #fff;background: none;display: block;text-align: left;padding-left: 10px;border: 2px solid #222;position: relative;text-overflow: ellipsis;overflow: hidden;height: 47px;}
.horizontal_menu>ul>li {display: block;background: #222;margin: 6px;font-size: 1em;line-height: 43px;min-height: 44px;padding-top: 0;padding: 0;border-radius: 0;text-align: center;list-style: none;border: 0;}
.horizontal_menu img {height: 44px;position: absolute;bottom: 5px;left: 5px;}
.navigation_reveal .dropdown-menu {position: relative;float: none;background: none;margin: 0;padding: 0;}
.navigation_reveal>ul>li>ul>li>a, .navigation_reveal>ul>li>ul>li>ul>li>a{text-decoration: none;color: #fff;display: block;text-align: left;border: 2px solid #222;position: relative;text-overflow: ellipsis;height: 47px;background: #333;padding: 0 0 0 10px;line-height: inherit;}
.navigation_reveal>ul>li>ul>li>ul>li>a{background:#444;}
.horizontal_menu .open>a, .horizontal_menu .open>a:hover, .horizontal_menu .open>a:focus {background:none; border:none;}
/*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* Rows and Columns /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
.row {margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;max-width: 1280px;background: none;}
/*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* SAMS /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

.LOGINFORM_modal {position: fixed;padding: 15px;top: 0;left: 0;background: #fff;width: 100%;height: 100%;z-index: 100000;}
.LOGINFORM_close {position: relative;float: right;font-size: 1.5em;margin-top: -6px;z-index: 20000;width: 44px;height: 44px;margin-right: -6px;line-height: 44px;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;}
.LOGINFORM-new .fa, .LOGINFORM-exist .fa {font-size: 3em;}
.global_form_loader footer{display:none;}
.LOGINFORM_return i, #LOGINFORM_submit_button i {font-size: 2em;}
/*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
/* CUSTOM ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif; font-weight: 300; }
.main { background-color: #f5f5f5; }
.title-banner { position: absolute; width: 100%; text-align: center; bottom: 40%; color: #fff; font-family: 'Varela Round', sans-serif; flex-flow: row wrap; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.title-banner.reduced { bottom: 30%; }
.boxed { padding: 10px 15px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); }
.title { font-family: 'Varela Round', sans-serif; }

.contentDiv { background-color: orange; position: absolute; width: 200px; bottom: 0; width: 100%; }
.arrow { animation: bouncing 1s infinite ease-in-out; bottom: 0; display: block; height: 50px; left: 50%; margin-left: -25px; position: absolute; width: 50px; font-size: 35px; color: #fff; }
@keyframes bouncing {
    0% {bottom: 0;}
    50% {bottom: 20px;}
    100% {bottom: 0;}
}

footer, nav::before {-webkit-transition: left .5s ease;} 
.FOOTER_cookies, .FOOTER_copyright {text-align: center; height: 44px; line-height: 44px;} 
footer, nav::before {width: 100%; left: 0;}
nav::before {content: ""; background: #30363d; display: block; height: 44px; z-index: 1; position: fixed; top: 0; -webkit-transition: left .5s ease; transition: left .5s ease;}
footer {background: #333; color: #fff; -webkit-transition: left .5s ease; transition: left .5s ease; position: relative; bottom: 0;} 
#footer-top {background: #30363d; padding-top: 55px; padding-bottom: 50px; font-size: 15px;}
#footer-top a {color: #939aa4; font-weight: 400;}
ul.list-inline.nav-social a {padding: 10px; font-size: 20px;}
.footer-box {padding: 0 0;}
#footer-top p {color: #fff; font-size: 13px;}
footer-top a:hover {color: #c4c8ce;}

.book-card { width: 400px; height: auto; border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24); text-align: center; display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-top: 0; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-in-out; }
.book-image { background-image: url(../img/9780415731843.jpg); background-position: center; background-size: cover; height: 605px; width: 100%; }
.book-card:hover { box-shadow: 0 14px 28px rgba(0,0,0,0.25), 0 10px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.22); }
.button-area { width: 100%; padding: 0 20px; background-color: #fff; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; }
.button-list li { list-style-type: none; display: inline; }
.button-list { padding-left: 0; padding-bottom: 20px; padding-top: 20px; }
.btn-book { color: #9575CD; background-color: #fafafa; border-color: #9575CD; border-radius: 2px; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif; padding: 7px; padding-right: 25px; padding-left: 25px; }
.btn-book:hover { color: #fafafa; background-color: #9575CD; border-color: #9575CD; }
.btn-book:active, .btn-book:focus { color: #fafafa; background-color: #673AB7; border-color: #673AB7; }


.text-card { background-color: #fff; width: 100%; height: auto; padding: 30px; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24); font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif; }
.text-card-title { font-weight: 300; margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; }
.text-card-author { font-weight: 300; margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; }
.collapse-card { background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 20px; }
.collapse-list li { list-style-type: none; display: inline-block; margin-top: 5px; }
.collapse-list { padding-left: 0; }
.text-card-header { height: auto; }
.download-btn { float: right; color: #000; font-size: 18px; }
.download-btn:hover { color: #000; }

.welcome { margin-top: 0; }

.spacer { clear: both; height: 25px; }

.nav { padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 20px; }
nav { background: rgba(0,0,0,0.55); }

/*////////// Styling for Download Cards //////////*/
.download-card.v3 { position: relative; background-color: #fff; width: 100%; padding: 15px 30px; text-align: center; transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(.25,.8,.25,1); border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24); }
.download-card.v3, .audio-card.v3 > h4 { padding: 10px; color: #333; }
.audio-card.v3 { padding: 3px 0px; text-align: center; }
.download-card.v3.centered { max-width: 750px; margin: auto; }
.download-card.grey { background-color: #fafafa; }
.download-card-btn { width: 100%; border-radius: 2px; color: #fff; background-color: #4285f4; border-color: #4285f4; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24); }
.download-card-btn:hover { background-color: #2364d1; border-color: #2364d1; color: #fff; }

.download-card.single { max-width: 450px; margin: auto; }

/*/////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////// SALVATTORE STYLES //////////*/
#grid-1, #grid-2, #grid-3 {margin-top: 30px;}
/*//// grid columns 1 ////*/
#grid-1[data-columns]::before {content: '1 .column.size-1of1';}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px){#grid-1[data-columns]::before {content: '1 .column.size-1of1';}}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 768px) {#grid-1[data-columns]::before {content: '1 .column.size-1of1';}}
@media screen and (min-width: 769px) {#grid-1[data-columns]::before {content: '1 .column.size-1of1';}}
/*//// grid columns 2 ////*/
#grid-2[data-columns]::before {content: '2 .column.size-1of2';}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px){#grid-2[data-columns]::before {content: '1 .column.size-1of1';}}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 768px) {#grid-2[data-columns]::before {content: '2 .column.size-1of2';}}
@media screen and (min-width: 769px) {#grid-2[data-columns]::before {content: '2 .column.size-1of2';}}
/*//// grid columns 3 ////*/
#grid-3[data-columns]::before {content: '3 .column.size-1of3';}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px){#grid-3[data-columns]::before {content: '1 .column.size-1of1';}}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 768px) {#grid-3[data-columns]::before {content: '2 .column.size-1of2';}}
@media screen and (min-width: 769px) {#grid-3[data-columns]::before {content: '3 .column.size-1of3';}}
.item {position: relative;display: block;margin-bottom: .75rem;margin: 12px 8px;-webkit-animation-duration: 0.2s;animation-duration: 0.2s;-webkit-animation-fill-mode: both;animation-fill-mode: both;}
/* Again, youâ€™re free to use and define the classes: */
.column { float: left; }
.size-1of1 { width: 100%; }
.size-1of2 { width: 50%; }
.size-1of3 { width: 33%; }
/* These are the classes that are going to be applied: */
.column { float: left; }
.size-1of3 { width: 33%; }

.download-grid { margin-top: 0 !important; }

.image-card { background-color: #fff; width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24); font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif; transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(.25,.8,.25,1); }
.image-card-header { padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; }
.file-name { text-align: center; font-weight: 300; font-size: 26px; }
.image-area { padding-bottom: 20px; }
.the-image { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 90%; }

.image-card-header p { padding: 5px 5px 0px 5px; text-align: center; }
.illus-name { margin-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
.image-source { padding: 20px; flex-flow: row wrap; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; text-align: center; }
.source-btn { width: 90%; }

table { background-color: #fff; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
  transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(.25,.8,.25,1); }