An Introduction to

Sustainability

Chapter 15

MCQs

Annotated Bibliography

  1. Whitehead, Michael 2014, chapter 6 in Environmental Transformations, London: Routledge

    The chapter on cities is one of the strongest in a well-crafted textbook.

  2. Blewitt, John 2015, ‘Urban sustainability’ in Helen Kopnina and Eleanor Shoreman-Ouimet (eds) Sustainability: Key issues, Abiongdon: Earthscan/Routledge

    This chapter by well-regarded sustainability scholar John Blewitt presents a concise overview of global challenges related to urbanization.

  3. Bernick Michael and Robert Cervero, 1997, Transit Villages in the 21st Century, New York: McGraw Hill, Chapter 2.

    The authors draw from New Urbanist principles to argue a case for higher density, mixed use development oriented towards public transport. The book promotes this model of urban form as a means of overcoming the declining economic and social quality of suburban living, particularly in the United States. The book describes the design elements of transit oriented development, the case for such development, and includes a series of case studies, drawing connections between transport and land use policy and practice.

  4. Davison Graeme, 2004, Car Wars, Sydney: Allen and Unwin.

    This influential book outlines the growth of automobile use in Melbourne, Australia, and the conflicts between proponents and opponents of road construction. The author traces the development of freeways in the city, the resulting increased reliance on motor transport, and the political decision making that led governments to favour freeway construction and car use over public transport improvements.

  5. Friedmann John, 2002, The Prospect of Cities, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    In this book, the author returns to a favourite topic: trends in global urbanisation. He examines the scale of global urbanisation, reasons for urban growth and the new challenges for urban governance. He places cities in the context of global and regional trends, showing that emerging city-regions are becoming autonomous quasi city-states. The book also examines possible future trends and factors which might help make new cities function effectively as living spaces.

  6. Marcuse Peter and Ronald van Kempen (eds), 2000, Globalising Cities, Oxford: Blackwell, 2013.

    This book brings together contributions from a range of international experts on the new spatial order that has emerged in cities, and the impacts of globalisation on cities. The influence of global capital on city size, type and methods of organisation is a major theme which is illustrated in a series of case studies. Authors use spatial analysis to examine the social portioning of cities with a focus on topics such as governance arrangements, race, ethnicity and culture.

  7. Nelson Arthur, 2013, Reshaping Metropolitan America. Development Trends and Opportunities to 2030, Washington: Island Press.

    This book examines trends in American urbanisation and proposes that suburban development will no longer meet the emerging needs of Americans. The author shows that in the 20 years to 2007, the US population increased by 60 million, increasing the area of urban land by 66 per cent, and yet 65 million more Americans will have to be accommodated in cities by 2030, consuming another 40 million acres. The author points to some opinion polls which suggest that young Americans no longer want a car-dependent suburban nation, preferring to live in mixed use, low rise medium density housing linked by mass transit, on reconstructed decayed inner urban areas, commercial and former industrial sites.

  8. Newman Peter and Andy Thornley, 1996, Urban Planning in Europe, London: Routledge.

    This book examines European planning systems ‒ their similarities and differences ‒ and present a series of case studies on the application of these systems to major European cities. The authors point to a trend towards deregulation, national competition and government facilitation of private sector decision making.

  9. Thompson Susan (ed), 2007, Planning Australia: An Overview of Urban and Regional Planning, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    This book manages to describe and analyse Australian urban and regional planning practice, and its relationships with governance and planning legislation. It includes an analysis of major issues affecting Australian cities and concentrates on the themes of sustainability and social equity.

Annotated Links to Further Web Resources

  1. Better Cities and Towns

    www.bettercities.net

    This is a website dedicated to providing news and information about efforts to implement compact and mixed-use urban development. It provides access to blogs, articles and information which are updated daily.

  2. Urbanicity

    www.urbanicity.org

    Since being established in 2001, New Zealand-based Urbanicity has been a leading provider of online information about urban issues. The website provides access to four databases set up and maintained by Urbanicity.

  3. Neptis Foundation

    www.neptis.org

    Neptis Foundation is a private, Canada-based foundation which aims to provide information and resources for urban planning policy makers. As well as providing access to relevant publications, the Neptis website provides access to Neptis Geoweb, an interactive maps tool which facilitates analysis of selected urban and rural landscapes.

  4. The Nature of Cities

    www.thenatureofcities.com

    The Nature of Cities describes itself as a virtual magazine for people interested in cities and ecosystems. It provides access to ‘roundtable’ discussions that include contributors from across the world.

  5. Situated Ecologies

    www.situatedecologies.net

    Situated Ecologies aims to provide a platform for international research on the ecological impacts of urbanisation. The website provides access to people, projects, relevant publications and regularly updated news and information.

Annotated Links to Video Clips

  1. Urban Sprawl

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzLWk0mORiQ

    Duration: 7:55

    This 2011 video focuses on problems associated with urban sprawl in USA, with a particular focus on negative environmental and human health consequences.

  2. Urban Sprawl and Urban Planning

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQEaGyESK6c

    Duration: 2:47

    Dr Brendan Williams from University College, Dublin, looks at the problems of urban sprawl and examples of inner-urban renewal in Dublin.

  3. Is Curitiba the greenest city in the world

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLjhSon0Ltw

    Duration: 10:10

    Made in 2014, this video focuses on the Brazilian city of Curitiba which has been highly regarded for decades for its extensive public transport system. The video focuses on the architect, planner, governor and mayor who was largely responsible for major ecodesign initiatives in Curitiba: ‘the city is not the problem, it is the solution’, he says.

  4. Hamburg: green City of the Future

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJbfQj0sNIg

    Duration: 11:14

    Made in 2012, this video focuses on transformations in the old port city of Hamburg which made it Europe’s leading ‘green city’ in 2011.

  5. Living on the Edge: The Peri-Urban Interface

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvAqzO4ANr4

    This is a well-made 2010 video on the consequences of new forms of urban expansion in India. It calls for greater attention to the peri-urban interface, especially in countries with many marginalised, poor communities.

  6. China’s Urban Billion

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SExDPEi8ogM

    Duration: 4:13

    This is a video produced by the Financial Times on rapid urbanisation in China.

  7. China’s Renewable Energy Rush: Good or Bad?

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9b1WwsSrNQ

    Duration: 2:14

    A Canadian TV broadcast from 2013 exploring the paradox that China is both the world’s biggest producer and consumer of coal and the biggest producer of renewable energy technologies.

  8. The Tragedy of Urban Renewal: The destruction and survival of a New York neighbourhood

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mWGwsA1V2r4

    Duration: 8:33

    This powerful video shows the disastrous consequences for a vibrant New York neighbourhood of ill-conceived 1950s ‘urban renewal’ policies. It shows what can happen when urban planners lose sight of how communities work.

  9. Changing mindsets about urban planning and living

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lid9ELzzT8Y

    Duration: 18:21

    Danish architect and urban designer Jan Gehl ‒ who played a critical role in reducing car dependency in Copenhagen ‒ delivers an entertaining talk about changing traditions and mindsets in urban planning.

  10. Water Sensitive Urban Design

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_DTnOzYTR4

    Duration: 4:16

    Something positive for a change: an animated presentation on clever ideas for making much more efficient and better use of the water that flows through urban environments.

  11. Sustainable Urbanism: Urban Design with Nature

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSjurs4ZnlM

    Duration: 1:20:21

    This is a 2009 lecture by Chicago-based eco-architect Douglas Farr on the possibilities and pitfalls for sustainable urban design.