Bacteria

Latin name Gram stain Morphology Disease Chapter

Acinetobacter

Gram - bacteremia 25

Actinomyces species

Gram + tooth decay 22

Bacillus species

Gram + ocular infection, meningitis, endocarditis 9, 19, 20

Bacillus anthracis

Gram + cutaneous anthrax, inhalation anthrax 1, 4, 5, 9, 19, 21, 26, 20

Bacillus cereus

Gram + food poisoning 5, 22

Bacillus subtilis

Gram + food poisoning in severely immunocompromised patients 18, 20

Bacteroides species

Gram - pelvic inflammatory disease 22, 23

Bordetella pertussis

Gram - pertussis (whooping cough) 4, 5, 6, 8, 21

Borrelia species

Gram - bacteremia, relapsing fever 6, 25

Borrelia burgdorferi

Gram - chronic meningitis, Lyme disease 6, 7, 8, 9, 24, 25

Borrelia recurrents

Gram - relapsing fever 25

Brucella species

Gram - bacteremia, brucellosis 6, 8, 25

Burkholderia mallei

Gram - glanders 8

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Gram - melioidosis 8

Campylobacter jejuni

Gram - acute intestinal disease, Campylobacter enteritis, dysentery, watery diarrhea 18, 22

Chlamydia species

Gram - genital tract infections, lymphogranuloma venereum, respiratory and cardiovascular disease, trachoma 4,19,23

Chlamydia trachomatis

Gram - cervicitis, epididymitis, lymphogranuloma venereum, non-gonococcal urethritis, salpinglitis, trachoma 5, 6, 7, 18, 23, 26

Chlamydophila pneumonia

Gram - atypical pneumonia, chlamydial pneumonia 21

Chlamydophila psittaci

Gram - atypical pneumonia, psittacosis (ornithosis) 6, 8, 21

Clostridium species

Gram + gastrointestinal infections, botulism, gas bangrene, tetanus 9, 22

Clostridium botulinum

Gram + botulism, food poisoning 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 18, 22, 24

Clostridium difficile

Gram + gastrointestinal infections, superinfections 6, 19, 20, 22

Clostridium perfringens

Gram + gas gangrene, food poisoning, watery diarrhea 5, 8, 10, 22, 26

Clostridium tetani

Gram + tetanus (lockjaw) 1,4, 5, 6, 18, 24

Corynebacterium species

Gram + catheter bacteremia, intravenous-line bacteremia 7, 9, 25, 26

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Gram + diphtheria 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 21

Coxiella burnetii

Gram - atypical pneumonia, Q fever 6, 8, 9, 18, 21

Enterobacter species

Gram - bacteremia, nosocomial pneumonia 7, 21, 25

Enterococcus species

Gram + dental diseases, diverticular abscesses, endocarditis, infections of the bowel, appendix, and liver 6, 7, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25

Enterococcus faecalis

Gram + endocarditis 20

Escherichia coli

Gram - cystitis, meningitis, opportunistic infections, nephritis, urethritis, watery diarrhea 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25

Escherichia coli O104:H4

Gram - bloody diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome 1, 8

Escherichia coli O157:H7

Gram - gastrointestinal infections, hemolytic uremic syndrome, renal failure 1, 5, 8, 20, 22, 28

Francisella tularensis

Gram - tularaemia 6, 8, 25

Gardnerella vaginalis

Gram variable bacterial vaginitis 23

Haemophilus ducreyi

Gram - chancroid 6, 23

Haemophilus influenzae

Gram - acute purulent meningitis 6, 7, 10, 21, 24

Haemophilus influenzae type B

Gram - bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia 24, 25

Helicobacter pylori

Gram - chronic gastritis, gastric cancer, gastroduodenal ulcer, peptic ulcers 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 22

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Gram - pneumonia 5, 7, 9, 20

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Gram + dental caries 22, 23

Legionella pneumophila

Gram - atypical pneumonia, legionellosis (Legionnaires’ disease) 6, 8, 21

Leptospira species

Gram - bacteremia, chronic meningitis 24, 25

Listeria species

Gram + bacteremia 20, 25

Listeria monocytogenes

Gram + listeriosis 4, 6, 18, 24

Mycobacterium species

Gram + pulmonary disease, skin disease, lymphadenitis 18, 19

Mycobacterium leprae

Gram + leprosy 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 15, 16, 19

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Gram + chronic meningitis, infections of the central nervous system, tuberculosis 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24

Mycoplasma

no Gram reaction mild pneumonia 2, 4, 9

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

no Gram reaction Mycoplasma pneumonia 5, 21

Neisseria species

Gram - bacteremia 7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 20, 23

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Gram - bacteremia, gonorrhea, neonatorum (neonatal gonorrheal ophthalmia), ophthalmia 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 17, 18, 20, 23, 25, 26

Neisseria meningitides

Gram - acute purulent meningitis, bacteremia, meningitis 4, 5, 6, 24, 25

Nocardia

Gram + nocardiasis 4

Propionibacterium acnes

Gram + acne, chronic blepharitis, endophtahalamitis 7, 26

Proteus species

Gram - nosocomial urinary tract infections 7, 23

Proteus mirabilis

Gram - urinary tract infections 5

Pseudomonas species

Gram - catheter bacteremia, intravenous-line bacteremia 6, 7, 11, 18, 19, 20, 23, 25

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Gram - aggressive keratitis, folliculitis, nosocomial infections 4, 6, 10, 19, 21, 23, 24, 26

Rickettsia species

Gram - vector transmitted disease 4, 7, 19

Rickettsia akari

Gram - rickettsial pox 25

Rickettsia prowazekii

Gram - typus 6, 7, 8, 25

Rickettsia rickettsii

Gram - Rocky Mountain spotted fever 5, 6, 25

Rickettsia typhil

Gram - typhus 25

Salmonella species

Gram - dysentery, food poisoning, gastrointestinal infections 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 17, 18, 20, 22

Salmonella bongori

Gram - bacteremia, acute enteritis 22

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi

Gram - bacteremia, typhoid fever 5, 6, 7, 10, 18, 22, 25

Shigella species

Gram - shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 20, 22

Shigella boydii

Gram - dysentery 22

Shigella dysenteriae

Gram - bacillary dysentery, bacteremia, food poisoning, gastrointestinal infections 5, 12, 20, 22, 25

Shigella flexneri

Gram - dysentery 22

Shigella sonnei

Gram - dysentery 22

Staphylococcus species

Gram + impetigo 10, 11, 15, 18, 19, 20, 26

Staphylococcus aureus

Gram + boils (furuncles), carbuncles, catheter bacteremia, endocarditis, folliculitis, food poisoning, intravenous-line bacteremia, nosocomial pneumonia, scalded skin syndrome, skin infections, staphylococcal pneumonia, toxic shock 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Gram + antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections 1, 6, 20, 21, 23

vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)

Gram + antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections 6, 20

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Gram + catheter bacteremia, intravenous-line bacteremia 7, 25, 26

coagulase-negative staphylococci

Gram + endocarditis, epididymitis, bacteremia, urinary tract and CNS infections 7, 25, 26

Streptococcus species

Gram + dental diseases, diverticular abscesses, infections of the bowel, appendix, and liver 5, 7, 9, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 25, 26

group A streptococci

Gram + erysipelas, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis 21, 25, 26

group B streptococci

Gram + neonatal sepsis, post partum infections 23, 24

group C streptococci

Gram + pharyngitis 21

β-hemolytic streptococci

Gram + bacteremia 25

Streptococcus mutans

Gram + tooth decay 2, 5, 22

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram + acute otitis media, acute purulent meningitis, bacteremia, meningitis, middle ear infections, pneumonia, sinusitis 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 20, 21, 24, 25

Streptococcus pyogenes

Gram + abscesses on the tonsils, acute tonsillitis, endocarditis, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, scarlet fever, strep throat, toxic shock 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 19, 21, 26

Streptococcus salivarius

Gram + tooth decay 22

Streptococcus viridans

Gram + endocarditis 25

Treponema pallidum

Gram - chronic meningitis, syphilis 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 23, 24, 25

Ureaplasma urealyticum

no Gram reaction non-gonococcal urethritis 23

Vibrio cholerae

Gram - cholera 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 20, 22

Vibrio cholerae 0139

Gram - cholera 8, 20

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Gram - food poisoning, watery diarrhea 6, 22

Yersinia enterocolitica

Gram - gastrointestinal infections 11, 22

Yersinia pestis

Gram - plague (bubonic plague, pneumonic plague) 1, 5, 6, 8, 15, 19, 25