Chapter 2 - Chris Jones

Models & Concepts of Rulership


Examining models and concepts of rulership formulated in societies where monarchy was deeply relevant can offer new insights into not only how monarchical institutions operated but why they proved so effective and long-lasting. The eight chapters that comprise this section focus on two such societies: western Europe and the Muslim world. Each provides a case study in three aspects of monarchy: the development of the “model” ruler; the evolution of institutional frameworks; and the perennial problem of establishing legitimacy. A range of examples are drawn from western Europe in the later medieval and the Early Modern eras alongside the Almohad caliphate of the twelfth- and thirteenth-century Maghreb and the modern post-War Arab monarchies. Each highlights not only the vibrancy of monarchy as a concept but its elasticity as a model of rulership. This introductory chapter explores the section’s underlying themes by considering the way in which medieval theorists such as Giles of Rome and John of Paris understood the role and nature of monarchy. It argues that monarchy is so flexible and adaptive that it has been able to accommodate religious doctrines that have either little place for the worldly or that tend to subsume government within their doctrinal framework.

By Chris Jones


Chris Jones

Dr. Chris Jones is an Associate Professor at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand whose research explores the history of political ideas. His work has a particular focus upon France in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and he is especially interested in the thought of medieval chroniclers. His extensive publications in this area include his monograph, Eclipse of Empire? Perceptions of the Western Empire and Its Rulers in Late Medieval France (Brepols, 2007), and, most recently, a triptych of articles concerning the thought of the late thirteenth-century Benedictine chronicler of Sens, Geoffroi de Courlon. Among his other interests is the thought of the Dominican theologian John Quidort of Paris, concerning which he edited John of Paris: Beyond Royal and Papal Power (Brepols, 2015). Chris’s research also explores medieval and Early Modern legacies in Aotearoa New Zealand. In connection with the latter, he has co-edited Treasures of the University of Canterbury Library (with Bronwyn Matthews and Jennifer Clement; Canterbury University Press, 2011) and the interdisciplinary volume Magna Carta and New Zealand - History, Law and Politics in Aotearoa (with Stephen Winter; Palgrave Macmillan, 2017). He initiated, and is Director of, the Canterbury Roll Project, an innovative and ongoing research-led digital venture. The project produced a new edition and translation of Aotearoa New Zealand’s most significant medieval manuscript in 2017. Its blending of digital humanities and cutting-edge scientific research with traditional scholarship has received extensive coverage in the international press, including a lead article in The Times. He has also edited A Road Less Travelled: The Medieval and Early Modern World Reflected in New Zealand Collections, which appeared as a special issue of the journal Parergon in 2015, and curated several exhibitions. Chris is the serving President of the Australian & New Zealand Association for Medieval & Early Modern Studies Inc. (ANZAMEMS), a position to which he was elected in 2015, and is presently developing Making the Medieval Relevant (De Gruyter) with Conor Costick and Klaus Oschema.

Further author information

Canterbury Roll Project

Research Profile

Bibliography

Primary

Aquinas, Thomas. Aquinas Political Writings. Ed. and trans. Robert W. Dyson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Augustine. The City of God against the pagans. Ed. and trans. Robert W. Dyson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Giles of Rome. De regimine principum libri tres. Rome: Bartholomæum Zannettum, 1607; repr. Aalen, 1967.

Giles of Rome. Giles of Rome’s On Ecclesiastical Power. A Medieval Theory of World Government. Ed. and trans. Robert W. Dyson. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.

John of Paris. John of Paris. On Royal and Papal Power. Trans. J. A. Watt. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1971.

The Liber Augustalis or Constitutions of Melfi, promulgated by the Emperor Frederick II for the Kingdom of Sicily in 1231. Trans. James M. Powell. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1971.

Secondary

Adelman, Jeremy. “Review Essay: Global History or the History of Globalization?” Journal of World History 27, no. 4 (2016): 701-08.

Abulafia, Anna Sapir. “Intellectual and Cultural Creativity.” In The Central Middle Ages, ed. Daniel Power, 149-177. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Abulafia, David. Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor. New edition. London: Pimlico, 1992.

Balachandran, G. “History after the Global Turn: Perspectives from Rim and Region.” History Australia 14, no. 1 (2017): 6-12.

Belgrave, Michael. Dancing with the King: The Rise and Fall of the King Country, 1864-1885. Auckland: Auckland University Press, 2017.

Benson, Robert L., and Giles Constable, eds. Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982.

Benson, Robert L. “Political Renovatio: Two Models from Roman Antiquity.” In Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century, eds. Robert L. Benson and Giles Constable, 339-386. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982.

Bentley, Michael. Modern Historiography: An Introduction. London: Routledge, 1999.

Black, Antony. Political Thought in Europe 1250-1450. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Boase, Thomas S. R. Boniface VIII. Oxford: Constable, 1933.

Brand, Paul. “Henry II and the Creation of the English Common Law.” In Henry II: New Interpretations, eds. Christopher Harper-Bill and Nicholas Vincent, 215-241. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2007.

Canning, Joseph. A History of Medieval Political Thought 300-1450. London & New York: Routledge, 1996.

––. “Ideas of the State in thirteenth and fourteenth-century commentators on the Roman law.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society series 5, no. 33 (1983): 1-27.

Crone, Patricia and Martin Hinds. God’s Caliph: Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

Dale, Stephen F. The Muslim Empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Donner, Fred. The Expansion of the Early Islamic State. Aldershot: Ashgate Variorum, 2007.

Duindam, Jeroen. Dynasties: A Global History of Power, 1300-1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.

Duindam, Jeroen, Tülay Artan, and Metin Kunt, eds. Royal Courts in Dynastic States and Empires: A Global Perspective. Leiden: Brill, 2011.

Dyson, Robert W. Normative Theories of Society and Government in Five Medieval Thinkers: St Augustine, John of Salisbury, Giles of Rome, St. Thomas Aquinas, and Marsilius of Padua. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2003.

Ferguson, Niall. Civilization: The West and the Rest. London: Penguin, 2011.

Fisher, Martin. “Review: Dancing with the King: The Rise and Fall of the King Country, 1864-1885, (review no. 2267).” Reviews in History, last accessed October 26, 2018. https://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/2267.

Gaposchkin, M. Cecilia. “Kingship and Crusade in the First Four Moralized Bibles.” In The Capetian Century, 1214 to 1314, eds. William C. Jordan and Jenna R. Phillips, 71-112. Turnhout: Brepols, 2017.

Haskins, Charles Homer. The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1927.

Hirschi, Caspar. The Origins of Nationalism: An Alternative History from Ancient Rome to Early Modern Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Hourani, Albert. A History of the Arab Peoples. New edition. London: Faber & Faber, 2005.

Imber, Colin. The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: The Structure of Power. 2nd edition. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

Jones, Chris. “Giles of Rome, Political Thought.” In Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy: Philosophy between 500 and 1500, ed. Henrik Lagerlund, “Living” online edition. Dordrecht: Springer, 2018. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-94-024-1151-5_191-2.

––, ed. John of Paris: Beyond Royal and Papal Power. Disputatio 23. Turnhout: Brepols, 2015.

––. “John of Paris: Through a Glass, Darkly?” In John of Paris: Beyond Royal and Papal Power, ed. Chris Jones, Disputatio 23. 1-31. Turnhout: Brepols, 2015.

––. “Historical Understanding and the Nature of Temporal Power in the Thought of John of Paris.” In John of Paris: Beyond Royal and Papal Power, ed. Chris Jones, Disputatio 23, 77-118. Turnhout: Brepols, 2015.

––. “Understanding Political Conceptions in the Later Middle Ages: The French Imperial Candidatures and the Idea of the Nation-State.” Viator 42, no. 2 (2011): 83-114.

––. Eclipse of Empire? Perceptions of the Western Empire and Its Rulers in Late-Medieval France, Cursor mundi 1. Turnhout: Brepols, 2007.

Keene, Derek. “Towns and the Growth of Trade.” In The New Cambridge Medieval History IV, c.1024-c.1198, Part I, eds. David Luscombe and Jonathan Riley-Smith, 47-85. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Kennedy, Hugh. When Baghdad ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam’s Greatest Dynasty. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2005.

Keynes, Simon. “Bretwalda or Brytenwalda.” In The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England, eds. Michael Lapidge, John Blair, Simon Keynes, and Donald Scragg, 2nd edition, 76-77. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014.

Kuttner, Stephan. “The Revival of Jurisprudence.” In Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century, eds. Robert L. Benson and Giles Constable, 299-323. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982.

Lambertini, Roberto. “Political Thought.” In A Companion to Giles of Rome, eds. Charles F. Briggs and Peter S. Eardley, 255-274. Leiden: Brill, 2016.

––. “John of Paris.” In Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy: Philosophy Between 500 and 1500, ed. Henrik Lagerlund, 2 vols, vol. 1, 631-633. Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

Le Goff. Jacques, Saint Louis. Paris: Gallimard, 1996.

Leeuwen, Richard van. Narratives of Kingship in Eurasian Empires, 1300-1800. Leiden: Brill, 2017.

Lewis, Bernard. The Middle East: 2000 Years of History from the Rise of Christianity to the Present Day. Paperback edition. London: Phoenix, 2000.

––. The Arabs in History. 6th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Nederman, Cary J. “John of Salisbury.” In Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy: Philosophy between 500 and 1500, ed. Henrik Lagerlund, “Living” online edition. Dordrecht: Springer, 2018. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-94-024-1151-5_276-2.

Pennington, Kenneth. The Prince and the Law, 1200-1600. Sovereignty and Rights in the Western Legal Tradition. Los Angeles: University of California, 1993.

Peters, Edward. The Shadow King: “Rex Inutilis” in Medieval Law and Literature, 751-1327. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970.

Renna, Thomas. “Aristotle and the French monarchy, 1260-1303.” Viator 9 (1978): 309-24.

Richard, Jean. Saint Louis. Crusader King of France. Ed. and abridged Simon Lloyd, trans. Jean Birrell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Scales, Len, and Oliver Zimmer, eds. Power and the Nation in European History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Shirota, Maree. “Royal Depositions and the ‘Canterbury Roll.’” Parergon 32, no. 2 (2015): 39-61.

Strayer, Joseph R. The Reign of Philip the Fair. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980.

Stürner, Wolfgang. Friedrich II., 2: Der Kaiser 1220-1250. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2000.

Thieulloy, Guillaume de. Le pape et le roi – Anagni (7 septembre 1303). Paris: Gallimard, 2010.

Warren, W. L. Henry II. Paperback edition. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1977.

Wheatcroft, Andrew. The Enemy at the Gate: Habsburgs, Ottomans and the Battle for Europe. New York: Basic Books, 2009.

Wilson, Peter. H. The Holy Roman Empire: A Thousand Years of Europe’s History. London: Penguin, 2017.

Woodacre, Elena, ed. A Companion to Global Queenship. Bradford: ARC-Humanities Press, 2018.

Related Chapters

Elena Woodacre: Understanding the Mechanisms of Monarchy (See Chapter 1)

Lucinda Dean: Introduction (See Chapter 11)

Russell Martin: Introduction (See Chapter 24)

Zita Rohr: Introduction (See Chapter 35)